Spirit

Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)

SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90) was developed by L.R. Derogatis in 1975 and is a widely used self-report symptom scale for outpatient examination of mental disorders and psychological illnesses. It contains 90 items divided into nine different subscales, covering a wide range from somatization symptoms to psychotic experiences.

Eysenck Emotional Stability Test

The Eysenck Emotional Stability Test was developed by the renowned British psychologist H. J. Eysenck and is an upgraded version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). This test helps us gain a deep understanding of our emotional characteristics by assessing individual emotional stability and emotional response patterns. The EES includes 7 factors: depression, anxiety, inferiority complex, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dependency, hypochondria, and guilt, which are common emotional experiences in people daily lives.

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PNAS)

The PNAS scale, fully known as the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, is a psychological measurement tool used to assess the degree of positive and negative emotions experienced by individuals over the past month. Positive emotions include excitement, pride, inspiration, and other pleasant, energetic, and satisfying emotions; negative emotions include fear, guilt, hostility, and other unpleasant, painful, and distressing emotions.

Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)

The SAS Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was developed by psychologist William W.K. Zung to measure the severity of an individual's anxiety state and its changes during treatment. It is widely used by psychological counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists to assess anxiety and monitor treatment effects.